[Anashkeshbot] ANASH 6

Wed Feb 11 19:22:49 EST 2009

Kolege te Keshillit Botues te ANASH-it,

Duhet te fillojme nga puna per pergatitjen e numerit te gjashte te revistes me synimin qe ta botojne fillimisht ne interet ne muajin maj.  

Do te ishte mire qe te angazhoheshim te gjithe ne kete drejtim.  Koleget qe jane te rinj ne Keshill duhet te lexojne numerat e meparshme te revistes te cilet jane te afishuar ne www.alb-shkenca.org ne lidhjen Revista (megjithese ndoshta i keni lexuar edhe me pare).   

Ju lutem shprehni mendimet tuaja rreth ndryshimeve qe duhet te bejme ne ANASH 6.  Cilat duhet te jene rubrikat e reja?  Cfare masash te tjera propozoni per rritjen e cilesise se revistes?    Si duhet ta organizojme punen ne Keshillin Botues qe te jemi eficiente dhe te arrijne te prodhojme nje produkt te cilesise se larte?  

Po dergoj me poshte permbajtjen e numerit te fundit te revistes Nature.   Kushtojini vemendje sidomos rubrikave te ndryshme te botuara aty.

Ju lutem dergoni mendimet tuaja ne list/adresen anashkeshbot at alb-shkenca.org; neqoftese keni pergatitur kontribute per revisten, ju lutem dergojini ne adresen anash at alb-shkenca.org  

Niko.

Niko Qafoku Ph.D.
Richland, WA, SHBA 

http://emslbios.pnl.gov/id/qafoku_n 

----- Forwarded Message ----
From: "Qafoku, Nikolla P" <Nik.Qafoku at pnl.gov>
To: niko_qafoku at yahoo.com
Sent: Wednesday, February 11, 2009 11:29:14 AM
Subject: FW: Nature 12 February 2009 Volume 457 Number 7231 pp763-926

__________________________________________________
Nik Qafoku, Ph.D.  
Senior Research Scientist
Geochemistry Group, Fundamental and Computational Sciences Division
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
902 Battelle Boulevard
P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-96
Richland, WA  99352 USA
Tel:  509-371-6089
Fax: 509-371-6354
nik.qafoku at pnl.gov
www.pnl.gov

From:Nature Alert [mailto:Nature at ealert.nature.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, February 11, 2009 11:27 AM
To: Qafoku, Nikolla P
Subject: Nature 12 February 2009 Volume 457 Number 7231 pp763-926

TABLE OF CONTENTS

________________________________

Volume 457 Number 7231 pp763-926  
About the cover 

Nature Podcast  In this issue
Editorials
Research Highlights
Journal Club
News
News Features
Correspondence
Commentaries
Essay
Books and Arts
News and Views
Insight
Brief Communications Arising
Articles
Letters
Corrigendum
Naturejobs
Futures

Also this week
Authors
Editor's summary
AOP  

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Darwin 200

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EDITORIALS Top 

________________________________

Humanity and evolution p763
Charles Darwin's thinking about the natural world was profoundly influenced by his revulsion for slavery.
doi:10.1038/457763a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Natural value p764
The economic downturn might be the best time to include ecosystem services in the real economy.
doi:10.1038/457764a
Full Text| PDF  
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top 

________________________________

Human evolution: Relative values p766
doi:10.1038/457766a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Geoscience: Ancient forests p766
doi:10.1038/457766b
Full Text| PDF 
Genetics: Shady dealings p766
doi:10..1038/457766c
Full Text| PDF 
Nanotechnology: Stretch marks p766
doi:10.1038/457766d
Full Text| PDF 
Molecular biology: Solo signal p766
doi:10.1038/457766e
Full Text| PDF 
Neuroscience: Burning sensation p766
doi:10.1038/457766f
Full Text| PDF 
Astrophysics: Where are the dwarfs? p767
doi:10.1038/457767a
Full Text| PDF 
Chemistry: Bangs in the dark p767
doi:10.1038/457767b
Full Text| PDF 
Zoology: Horny? p767
doi:10.1038/457767c
Full Text| PDF 
Neuroscience: Precision memories p767
doi:10.1038/457767d
Full Text| PDF  
JOURNAL CLUB Top 

________________________________

Journal club p767
Susan E. Hough
doi:10.1038/457767e
Full Text| PDF  
NEWS Top 

________________________________

Genome sequencing: the third generation p768
Companies unveil data from their latest technologies.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/457768a
Full Text| PDF 
Britain hits a hurdle in replacing key animal-pathogen facility p769
Ministry pulls out of deal to redevelop Pirbright laboratory.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/457769a
Full Text| PDF 
Obama puts focus on FDA after peanut poisonings p770
Salmonella outbreak prompts review of US food safety
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/457770a
Full Text| PDF 
One more step for private Moon mission p770
Odyssey Moon secures Dutch payload.
Ashley Yeager
doi:10.1038/457770b
Full Text| PDF 
Neglected disease boost p772
Fresh funding aims to raise awareness and improve control measures.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/457772a
Full Text| PDF 
Dutch university slashes evolution staff p772
Leiden researchers launch legal challenge over sackings.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/457772b
Full Text| PDF 
US nuclear agency to consider defensive move p774
Will the National Nuclear Security Administration leave the energy department?
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/457774a
Full Text| PDF 
Obama demands rethink of regulatory processes p775
doi:10.1038/457775a
Full Text| PDF 
US takes pole position in generation of wind power p775
doi:10.1038/457775b
Full Text| PDF 
Pakistan releases nuclear smuggler from house arrest p775
doi:10.1038/457775c
Full Text| PDF 
Sweden backs construction of new nuclear plants p775
doi:10.1038/457775d
Full Text| PDF 
Transgenic drug gets green light from the United States p775
doi:10.1038/457775e
Full Text| PDF 
Lucy's museum tour threatens to become a spell in storage p775
doi:10.1038/457775f
Full Text| PDF    Nature
JOBS of the week  
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PhD Studentships
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New York, Manhattan  
Postdoctoral Position in TGF-beta Signalling
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NEWS FEATURES Top 

________________________________

Darwin 200: The other strand p776
Geneticists looked to the human genome to understand human evolution. But it's hard to interpret without considering the inheritance of culture, finds Erika Check Hayden.
doi:10.1038/457776a
Full Text| PDF 
Darwin 200: Human nature: the remix p780
People's mindsets are neither fixed by evolution nor infinitely malleable by culture. Dan Jones looks for the similarities that underlie the diversity of human nature.
doi:10.1038/457780a
Full Text| PDF  
CORRESPONDENCE Top 

________________________________

Multiple metrics required to measure research performance p785
Stevan Harnad
doi:10.1038/457785a
Full Text| PDF 
Evolution shapes systems, not just genes p785
Mark S. Blumberg
doi:10.1038/457785b
Full Text| PDF 
How objective is a definition in the subspecies debate? p785
Malte C. Ebach and David M. Williams
doi:10.1038/457785c
Full Text| PDF 
Batteries versus biomass as a transport solution p785
Martin Smith
doi:10.1038/457785d
Full Text| PDF  
COMMENTARIES Top 

________________________________

Darwin 200: Should scientists study race and IQ? NO: Science and society do not benefit p786
In the first of two opposing commentaries, Steven Rose argues that studies investigating possible links between race, gender and intelligence do no good. In the second, Stephen Ceci and Wendy M. Williams argue that such research is both morally defensible and important for the pursuit of truth.
Steven Rose
doi:10.1038/457786a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Darwin 200: Should scientists study race and IQ? YES: The scientific truth must be pursued p788
In this, the second of two opposing commentaries, Stephen Ceci and Wendy M. Williams argue that such research is both morally defensible and important for the pursuit of truth. In the first, Steven Rose argues that studies investigating possible links between race, gender and intelligence do no good.
Stephen Ceci and Wendy M. Williams
doi:10.1038/457788a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary  
ESSAY Top 

________________________________

Darwin 200: A flight of fancy p790
Henry Nicholls wonders how things would be different had Charles Darwin given in to pressure from his publisher to rewrite Origin of Species into a popular book about pigeons.
Henry Nicholls
doi:10.1038/457790a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary  
BOOKS AND ARTS Top 

________________________________

Darwin 200: A vision of humanity united p792
A controversial new reconstruction of Charles Darwin's life suggests his family's campaign against slavery influenced his belief that all humans evolved from a single ancestor, explains W. F. Bynum.
W. F. Bynum reviews Darwin's Sacred Cause: Race, Slavery and the Quest for Human Origins by Adrian Desmond James Moore 
doi:10.1038/457792a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Darwin 200: Poems from Darwin's descendant p794
Amid the many analyses of Darwin's life and work, a more intimate literary portrait emerges from the poetry of his great-great-granddaughter, Ruth Padel. Her series of poems on his life — six of which are reproduced here — evokes the emotion and drama of the naturalist's discoveries.
Darwin: A Life in Poems by Ruth Padel 
doi:10.1038/457794a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary  
NEWS AND VIEWS Top 

________________________________

Virology: Final entry key for hepatitis C p797
To propagate, the hepatitis C virus relies on entry into liver cells. Ironically, cellular proteins that normally assemble firm seals between adjacent cells serve as crucial keys by which the virus gains access.
Thomas Pietschmann
doi:10.1038/457797a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Quantum optics: A grip on entanglement p798
Quantum buffers will be an essential part of quantum-information networks. A buffer that can preserve not only a 'quantum bit' but also a 'quantum image' is a major step towards creating those networks.
John C. Howell
doi:10.1038/457798a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Diagnostics: The prostate-cancer metabolome p799
Non-invasive detection and prognostic evaluation of cancer represents a formidable challenge. Studies of the entire metabolite composition of cells promise advances towards this objective for prostate cancer.
Cory Abate-Shen and Michael M. Shen
doi:10.1038/457799a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Solid-state chemistry: Boron charged under pressure p800
Crystal-structure prediction methods and diffraction data show that a newly discovered form of boron is partially ionic. This is the first time such a structure has been observed for any elemental solid.
John S. Tse
doi:10.1038/457800a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Developmental biology: Birth of the blood cell p801
Could it be that mouse fetal liver cells and adult bone-marrow blood cells originate from a subset of cells that line the blood vessels in the embryo? Several lines of evidence suggest that this is indeed the case.
Momoko Yoshimoto and Mervin C. Yoder
doi:10.1038/457801a
Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Evolution: Unnatural selection p803
Fishing and hunting by humans are the main causes of mortality in many populations of wild animals. The consequence is that large and rapid changes occur in certain characteristics that far exceed changes due to other agents.
Nils Chr. Stenseth and Erin S. Dunlop
doi:10.1038/457803a
Full Text| PDF 
Analytical chemistry: Reactions assayed by magnets p805
Does it float or sink? And to what extent? The answers to these questions can be used to follow the course of chemical reactions on solid supports, and are obtained simply by using two magnets, a salt solution and a ruler.
David E. Bergbreiter
doi:10.1038/457805a
Full Text| PDF

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING Top 

________________________________

ETS rearrangements and prostate cancer initiation pE1
Brett S. Carver et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07738
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF 
Tomlinset al. reply pE2
Scott A. Tomlins et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07739
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF  

Insight: Evolution (Darwin 200) 

Evolution p807
Henry Gee and Rory Howlett
doi:10.1038/457807a
Full Text| PDF

Natural selection 150 years on p808
Mark Pagel
doi:10.1038/nature07889
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

The origin and evolution of arthropods p812
Graham E. Budd and Maximilian J. Telford
doi:10.1038/nature07890
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty p818
Neil Shubin, Cliff Tabin and Sean Carroll
doi:10.1038/nature07891
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

The Beagle in a bottle p824
Angus Buckling, R. Craig Maclean, Michael A. Brockhurst and Nick Colegrave
doi:10.1038/nature07892
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

Adaptation and diversification on islands p830
Jonathan B. Losos and Robert E. Ricklefs
doi:10.1038/nature07893
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

Darwin's bridge between microevolution and macroevolution p837
David N. Reznick and Robert E. Ricklefs
doi:10.1038/nature07894
Abstract| Full Text| PDF

The nature of selection during plant domestication p843
Michael D. Purugganan and Dorian Q. Fuller
doi:10.1038/nature07895
Abstract| Full Text| PDF   
ARTICLES Top 

________________________________

Life without a wall or division machine in Bacillus subtilis p849
L-form cells can derive from various bacterial species and do not possess a cell wall. It is shown that Bacillus subtilis can convert into L-form through a single point mutation, and that B. subtilus L-form cells are able to propagate independent of FtsZ, an essential component of the bacterial cell division machinery. 
M. Leaver et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07742
Abstract| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
ChIP-seq accurately predicts tissue-specific activity of enhancers p854
Determining the spatial and temporal activity patterns of enhancers remains a challenge in the functional annotation of the human genome. In this study, the genome-wide occupancy of the enhancer-associated protein p300 was determined in developing mouse tissues by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing. Testing the p300-bound sequences in a transgenic mouse enhancer assay confirmed that p300 binding is a highly effective means to identify enhancers and to predict in which tissues they are active. 
Axel Visel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07730
Abstract| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary  
LETTERS Top 

________________________________

Tunable delay of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement p859
This paper uses four-wave mixing in atomic vapour cells to obtain an optically tunable delay for Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entangled beams of light. The four-wave mixing preserves the quantum spatial correlations of the entangled beams, allowing demonstration of rudimentary quantum memory for images. 
A. M. Marino, R. C. Pooser, V. Boyer and P. D. Lett
doi:10.1038/nature07751
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Howell  
Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron p863
This paper has explored the high-pressure behaviour of boron and uncovered a new phase that consists of negatively charged icosahedral B12 clusters and positively charged B2 pairs. The ionicity of the new phase strongly affects many of its properties, and arises from the different electronic properties of the B12 clusters and B2 pairs and the resultant charge transfer between them. 
Artem R.. Oganov et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07736
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Tse  
Nanomoulding with amorphous metals p868
This work proposes a new method for moulding features down to the 13-nm range onto amorphous metallic surfaces, which are much more durable materials. The features thus made can in turn be replicated in materials with lower softening temperatures, or they can be erased and moulded again, providing a new way to produce for example rewritable media supports. 
Golden Kumar, Hong X. Tang and Jan Schroers
doi:10.1038/nature07718
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Magma-compensated crustal thinning in continental rift zones p873
This study presents a seismic profile across southern Lake Baikal in Siberia, demonstrating that only a surface manifestation is observed there. These findings may point toward a new role for magmatism in the rifting process. 
H. Thybo and C. A. Nielsen
doi:10.1038/nature07688
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
A burst of segmental duplications in the genome of the African great ape ancestor p877
A comparative segmental duplication map of four primate genomes that allows the evolutionary history of all human segmental duplications to be reconstructed is presented. It reveals a fourfold acceleration of segmental duplication accumulation during the speciation of human, chimpanzee and gorilla at a time when other mutational processes were slowing, and also provides a detailed evolutionary history of all human segmental duplications as a resource to the human genetics community. 
Tomas Marques-Bonet et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07744
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells p882
This report identifies the gap junction protein occludin as the fourth and final key component of the hepatitis C virus cell-entry receptor, paving the way towards the development of a small animal model for hepatitis C virus. 
Alexander Ploss et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07684
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Pietschmann  
Runx1 is required for the endothelial to haematopoietic cell transition but not thereafter p887
It is shown that all haematopoietic stem cells that eventually populate the adult marrow arise from embryonic endothelial cells. This could be important for scientists working on ways to generate haematopoeitic stem cells from embryonic stem cells, as a haemogenic endothelium would have to be generated first. 
Michael J. Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07619
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Yoshimoto Yoder  
The haemangioblast generates haematopoietic cells through a haemogenic endothelium stage p892
There are two theories of how haematopoeitic cells arise during embryonic development. One is that haematopoietic cells arise from a mesodermal progenitor with both endothelial and haematopoietic potential called the haemangioblast.. Another associates the first haematopoietic cells to an endothelial cell with haematopoietic potential, the haemogenic endothelium. This paper shows that both theories are correct. The haemangioblast generates haematopoietic cells through the formation of a haemogenic endothelium intermediate. 
Christophe Lancrin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07679
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Yoshimoto Yoder  
Continuous single-cell imaging of blood generation from haemogenic endothelium p896
Recent studies have indicated that embryonic blood is produced by endothelial cells, which also form blood vessels and arteries. This paper uses a direct imaging and cell tracking approach to directly show that embryonic endothelial cells do produce blood. By imaging cells over days, they were able to show that a subset of embryonic endothelial cells formed blood cells. 
Hanna M. Eilken, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa and Timm Schroeder
doi:10.1038/nature07760
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Yoshimoto Yoder  
Calcium flickers steer cell migration p901
Directional cell movement depends on an intracellular calcium gradient. This study identifies calcium flickers in migrating fibroblasts and these are most active at the leading edge of cells. In the presence of a chemotactic gradient, an asymmetric gradient of calcium flicker activity develops which promotes turning of cells towards the direction of the chemoattractant. 
Chaoliang Wei et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07577
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
ABIN-1 is a ubiquitin sensor that restricts cell death and sustains embryonic development p906
It is shown that ABIN-1 (a protein that interacts with the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 and is thought to negatively influence NF-κB signalling) is essential for life; without it, mice die during embryogenesis with fetal liver apoptosis and anaemia. This appears unrelated to the role of ABIN-1 in NF-κB signalling. 
Shigeru Oshima et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07575
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary 
Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression p910
A systematic analysis of metabolites in prostate cancer samples has led to the identification of sarcosine as a putative biomarker detectable in urine, which could potentially be used to aid prostate cancer diagnosis. Sarcosine promotes the invasion of prostate cancer cells and may play a role in metastasis. 
Arun Sreekumar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07762
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Abate-Shen Shen  
A stress-responsive RNA switch regulates VEGFA expression p915
The binding of small ligands to RNAs is a mechanism for regulation of gene expression in bacteria, fungi and plants. This work describes the first RNA switch to be identified in human cells. This element in the 3′ UTR of the VEGFA mRNA can bind two different complexes, GAIT or HNRNPL. The binding of one induces a specific conformation that precludes binding of the other. Which factor is bound depends on environmental signals indicating inflammatory and hypoxic status. 
Partho Sarothi Ray et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07598
First paragraph| Full Text| PDF
See also: Editor's summary  
CORRIGENDUM Top 

________________________________

Nuclear cytokine-activated IKKα controls prostate cancer metastasis by repressing Maspin p920
Jun-Li Luo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07715
Full Text| PDF  
Naturejobs Top 

________________________________

Prospects
European innovation p921
By some measures, Europe is improving its innovation performance.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7231-921a
Full Text| PDF 
Special Report
Darwin 200: Beyond bones p922
Ricki Lewis reports on biological anthropologists' branching out into crime forensics and science policy.
Ricki Lewis
doi:10.1038/nj7231-922a
Full Text| PDF 
Philip Mote, director, Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon p924
Climatologist takes top post at new climate research institute in Oregon.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7231-924a
Full Text| PDF 
No drug for job haemorrhage p924
Company executives at Pfizer and Wyeth aren't revealing where merger-related job cuts would be.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7231-924b
Full Text| PDF 
Cutting a deal for my career p924
My career choices sometimes make me feel like I'm in a bad game show.
Sam Walcott
doi:10.1038/nj7231-924c
Full Text| PDF 
FUTURES Top 

________________________________

For the love of mechanical minds p926
Survival of the fittest?
Brenda Cooper
doi:10.1038/457926a
Full Text| PDF  
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION Top 

________________________________

11 February 2009   
Comprehensive polymorphism survey elucidates population structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
Joseph Schacherer, Joshua A. Shapiro, Douglas M. Ruderfer and Leonid Kruglyak
doi:10.1038/nature07670
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Chromatin remodelling factor Mll1 is essential for neurogenesis from postnatal neural stem cells
Daniel A. Lim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07726
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Population genomics of domestic and wild yeasts
Gianni Liti et al.
doi:10..1038/nature07743
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
IFNα activates dormant haematopoietic stem cells in vivo 
Marieke A. G. Essers et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07815
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF    
08 February 2009   
An unexpected twist in viral capsid maturation
Ilya Gertsman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07686
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Dynamic expression of epidermal caspase 8 simulates a wound healing response
Pedro Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07687
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Antiviral immunity in Drosophila requires systemic RNA interference spread
Maria-Carla Saleh et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07712
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and regulates bone homeostasis
Masaru Ishii et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07713
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF       
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory neurons in the neocortex
Yong-Chun Yu, Ronald S. Bultje, Xiaoqun Wang and Song-Hai Shi
doi:10.1038/nature07722
First paragraph| Full Text | PDF 
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